These three names are favourite and a cliche in any exam
related to Political Science and every student of pol science basically knows about
them. But the problem is we get confuse in the examination hall. The effort
here is to address the issue of confusion and aiding in quick revision.
N.B. not
claiming that it is all comprehensive and comprehending. I might have missed some
points so you must update it; and I will also try the same. For any further
clarification leave a feed back in the comment box.
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Nuances
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Hobbes
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Locke
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Rousseau
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Books
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Leviathan, element of law natural and politic
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Two treaties on liberty,
Letters on tolerance
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Social Contract,
Discourse on origin of inequality, Emile
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Influenced by
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Civil war
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Glorious revolution
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Unsecure childhood
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State of Nature
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-Pre social and pre political-
-everyman againdt everyman
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Pre political; society already there.
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Pre political
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Human nature
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Selfish, brutish, short and nasty
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Essentially Good and cooperative
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Noble savage
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Contract
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One dimensional i.e only state created &
-Hypothetical
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Two dimensional: both state and govt created &
-Historical
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One dimensional & hypothetical& Political contract- similar
to locke
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Type of sovereign
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Indivisible and inalienable (leviathan)
- Not a part to contract
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Trust
- Is a part
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Same as hobbes but his sovereign was General will i.e. the people
themselves.
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Individual
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Surrenders all their rights except life to life
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Except Natural rights
-Life, liberty and property
Property he regrds as most imptnt.
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All rts to a general will(GW),
GW is will for the good of all; it may represent will of single
person also
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Minority
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Live under majority
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Their consent are taken- in book letters on tolerance.
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General will
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Some Other Points
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For Hobbes: Contract was binding on all future generation
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Only for present. Consent of every generation has to be sought.
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-
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Scientific and mechanical Materialism,
Influenced by physcs- Galileo, kepler.
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Gave Labour theory of property
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Proponent of Popular sovereignty;
Critcised civilization;
Concept of Forced freedom,
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Secular outlook
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secular
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-
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Next
post will be on Bentham and J S mills.
